Kamis, 05 Mei 2011

Silvina Nugrahwati - Theoretical foundation

UNDERSTANDING FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE OF KELVIN ENGLISH COURSE’S STUDENTS IN CICALENGKA DISTRICT –BANDUNG REGENCY TO SEE HOW IS THEIR UNDERSTANDINGTOWARD ENGLISH LANGUAGE

A. CONCEPT OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
1. DEFINITION OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

Perrine Laurence Broadly defined, a figure of speech is any way of saying something other than ordinary way, and some rhetoricians have classified as many as 250 separate figure. For our purposes, however, a figure of speech is more narrowly definable as a way of saying one thing and meaning another, and we need to be concerned with no more than a dozen. Figurative language –language using figures of speech-is language that cannot be taken literally (or should not be taken literally only)

So, that is why in any kind of figurative language cannot be understood by literally reading but we have to see the context and its meaning through our thought about the text; such as in poem.
Same as Perrine Laurrence, Pollio, Smith, and Pollio limited figurative language as:
The creative interplay of language and thought is particularly evident in figurative language. The use of such language is not rare or limited to poetic situations but rather is a ubiquitous characteristic of speech (see, for instance, Lakoff and Johnson, 1980; Pollio, Smith, and Pollio, 1990).

To give more understanding about figurative language, Robert and Kreuz classify commonly used forms of figurative language.
Although hundreds of possible figures of speech have been described (see Lanham, 1991), most interest and research has focused on just a few of these. Roberts and Kreuz (1994) list eight such commonly used forms; though one can easily add to their list (they do not mention metonymic or proverbial language, for instance). Among the prominent (and studied) forms are metaphor (an explicit or implicit comparison, which is literally false: "my car is a lemon," "Juliet is the sun," "chair leg"); irony (a statement contrary to intended meaning: "what a fine friend" intending to convey that the friend is not good); idioms (conventionalized expression in which the intended meaning often is difficult or impossible to recover from the words making up the expression: "He kicked the bucket"); indirect requests (a request phrased as a nonrequest: e.g., one can be asking whether one possesses some material when one intends to ask someone to actually perform some action with the material, such as stating, "Do you have a dollar?").


From those understanding of the experts about figurative language, so the writer tends to have same opinion about that to the opinion of Roberts and Kreuz , because their explanation about what and how figurative language is is more specific and complete than the other opinion that I wrote down. They list eight such commonly used forms; metaphor, irony, idioms, and indirect requests.

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